Sunday, October 26, 2014

Isaiah 18--"The Land Shadowing with Wings"

This Isaiah chapter starts out with a small mistranslation. "Woe to the land shadowing with wings, which is beyond the rivers of Ethiopia" (Isaiah 18:1). It sounds like a message of doom, but a closer examination of the Hebrew word hoy reveals its true meaning. Hoy is a greeting, and should be translated as hail. 

So where is this land shadowing with wings? There have been statements by Church leaders stemming as far back as Hyrum Smith, who said the wings represent North and South America. This notion seems to be supported by other Church leaders, including Brigham Young, Joseph Fielding Smith, and Spencer W. Kimball. America would certainly fit the description as being beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.

It is rather easy to visualize the wings of the Americas, and it's not a stretch to say the continents are shaped like wings.

I have attached a link to a site, and others can easily be found:

http://www.ldsfreedomforum.com/viewtopic.php?f=14&t=29823


"Go Ye Swift Messengers"

Verse 2 is graphic Isaiah imagery: "That sendeth ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of bulrushes upon the waters, saying, Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation scattered and peeled, to a people terrible from their beginning hitherto; a nation meted out and trodden down, whose land the rivers have spoiled!"

Of course "swift messengers" as missionaries is not a new topic for Isaiah. He sees the future missionary force traveling in jet airliners. (I'm waiting for President Uchtdorf to elaborate on this.) Isaiah is left to describe the planes as sharp arrows (fuselage with the tail wings), bent bows (wings of the plane), and wheels like whirlwinds. He sees the missionaries sent out as "ambassadors," as they depart and arrive the same day without unbuckling their belts or untying their shoes (see Isaiah 5:27-29).

The missionaries are sent to gather the house of Israel--a nation "scattered and peeled." Isaiah extends a warning call:

"All ye inhabitants of the world, and dwellers on the earth, see ye, when he lifteth up an ensign on the mountains; and when he bloweth a trumpet, hear ye" (Isaiah 18:3).

The word ensign in Isaiah always translates to "restored gospel." The message to the world is: when you see the ensign of the restored gospel and hear the sound of the trumpet, you need to perk up and pay attention to the ambassadors sent abroad.

In case you missed it, the trumpet sounded on September 22, 1827. There is an ancient feast in Israel called Feast of Trumpets, or Rosh Hashanah. It is the Jewish New Year (or "head of the year") and occurs on the first day of the seventh month of Tishrei (see Leviticus 23:24). There is a memorial blowing of the trumpets. In the year 1827 this feast day fell on September 22--the day Moroni delivered the plates to Joseph Smith.

I have attached a link for verification of this date:

http://www.hebcal.com/hebcal/?year=1827&month=9&yt=G&v=1&nh=on&nx=on&mf=on&ss=on&i=off&lg=s&vis=on&D=on&d=on&c=off&geo=zip&zip=&b=18&m=50&.cgifields=nx&.cgifields=nh&.cgifields=mf&.cgifields=ss&.s=Create+Calendar

The final verse in Isaiah 18 describes a present given to the Lord upon completion of the ambassadors' mission. It will be the gathering on Mount Zion, the New Jerusalem, of the inhabitants of the house of Israel (see D&C 84:2-3). The city will be built on the north wing of the great eagle in the western boundaries of the State of Missouri.
  

Monday, October 20, 2014

Isaiah 12--The Poetry of Enallage

Isaiah is written in beautiful flowing poetry. A Hebrew poetic style commonly employed in the Psalms is enallage. It involves the interchange of person--interweaving second (you, thee, thou) and third person (the Lord, He, she, or it) in the text. 

An example of enallage would be Psalm 23:


The Lord (third person) is my shepherd; I shall not want.

He (third person) maketh me to lie down in green pastures: he (third person) leadeth me beside the still waters.

He (third person) restoreth my soul: he (third person) leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his (third person) name’s sake.

Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil: for thou (second person) art with me; thy (second person) rod and thy (second person) staff they comfort me.

Thou (second person) preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies: thou (second person) anointest my head with oil; my cup runneth over.

Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life: and I will dwell in the house of the Lord (third person) for ever.


Enallage in Isaiah

Isaiah 12 begins:


And in that day thou shalt say, O Lord, I will praise thee: though thou wast angry with me, thine anger is turned away, and thou comfortedst me.


 Behold, God is my salvation; I will trust, and not be afraid: for the Lord JEHOVAH is my strength and my song; he also is become my salvation. (Isaiah 12:1-2)


Notice the perspective changes from second person to third person.


Water Libation

Verse 3 has a connect with the granddaddy feast of Sukkot, or Feast of Tabernacles, a holiday celebrated by dwelling in booths for seven days (see Leviticus 23:42-43). This festival is also called "Z’man Simchateinu," meaning "season of our rejoicing." It is to celebrate the "ingathering" of the harvest. There were two joyous events--the illumination of the temple courts by candelabra, and the drawing of water from the Pool of Siloam and its libation on the altar, creating a symbolic river of water flowing down the temple steps. 

Jesus used both events as a backdrop in the Gospel of John. It records:

"In the last day, that great day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried, saying, If any man thirst, let him come unto me, and drink.

"He that believeth on me, as the scripture hath said, out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water" (John 7:37-38).

This becomes more significant since the Greek word for belly is koilia--the same word translated as womb in John 3:4 where Jesus is teaching Nicodemus about spiritual rebirth. Thus, the river of water coming from Christ is symbolic of spiritual rebirth and renewal.

In John, chapter 8 Jesus states,

"I am the light of the world: he that followeth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life" (verse 12).

The Isaiah verse reads,

"Therefore with joy shall ye draw water out of the wells of salvation" (Isaiah 12:3).

Jesus Christ is the source of "living water" (see John 4:10). The greatest joy we can experience is to come unto Christ.

Enallage in the Book of Mormon

Nephi praises God in a song (or psalm). He exclaims,


My God hath been my support; he hath led me through mine afflictions in the wilderness; and he hath preserved me upon the waters of the great deep.

He hath filled me with his love, even unto the consuming of my flesh.

He hath confounded mine enemies, unto the causing of them to quake before me.

Behold, he hath heard my cry by day, and he hath given me knowledge by visions in the night-time.

And by day have I waxed bold in mighty prayer before him; yea, my voice have I sent up on high; and angels came down and ministered unto me.

And upon the wings of his Spirit hath my body been carried away upon exceedingly high mountains. And mine eyes have beheld great things, yea, even too great for man; therefore I was bidden that I should not write them. (2 Nephi 4:20-25)


Thus far, the text is written with the Lord as third person. But later, Nephi changes to second person:


Rejoice, O my heart, and cry unto the Lord, and say: O Lord, I will praise thee forever; yea, my soul will rejoice in thee, my God, and the rock of my salvation.

O Lord, wilt thou redeem my soul? Wilt thou deliver me out of the hands of mine enemies? Wilt thou make me that I may shake at the appearance of sin?

May the gates of hell be shut continually before me, because that my heart is broken and my spirit is contrite! O Lord, wilt thou not shut the gates of thy righteousness before me, that I may walk in the path of the low valley, that I may be strict in the plain road!

O Lord, wilt thou encircle me around in the robe of thy righteousness! O Lord, wilt thou make a way for mine escape before mine enemies! Wilt thou make my path straight before me! Wilt thou not place a stumbling block in my way—but that thou wouldst clear my way before me, and hedge not up my way, but the ways of mine enemy.


O Lord, I have trusted in thee, and I will trust in thee forever. (2 Nephi 4:30-34)


Nephi chose not to teach his people "the things of the Jews" (2 Nephi 25:5). But when he wants to pour out his soul to God he speaks in the language of the Jews.

And it serves as an added testimony of the mission of the Prophet Joseph Smith. The words came off the plates just as Nephi said them. 

Sunday, October 12, 2014

Isaiah 9--"The Government Shall Be Upon His Shoulder"

What a marvelous prophecy in this chapter of Isaiah! The entire eternal plan centers on this great Messianic prophecy.

The Shadow of Death

The setting for this prophecy takes us to "Galilee of the nations." The region was "grievously afflicted." Galilee lies in the northern part of Israel, making it the first target of attack for the Assyrian armies, who had to cross over Galilee to invade Jerusalem and other key targets. Many Galileans were killed or taken captive at the hand of the Assyrians who often burned their villages.

And the landscape of the battle scenes was rocky in some places, casting a dark gray background, particularly in the shadows. Thus, "The people that walked in darkness have seen a great light: they that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the light shined" (Isaiah 9:1-2).

But the bleak fate of Galilee would change with the birth of Jesus Christ. He grew up in Nazareth of Galilee, and thus, the Light of the World would grace this dark landscape. 

There was another valley of death to the east of Jerusalem in the Kidron Valley. There were many tombs in this area, over which Jesus would have to pass en route to Gethsemane, where He overcame spiritual death for those who would embrace His gospel. His atoning sacrifice in Gethsemane and Golgotha overcame both spiritual and physical death. His light can shine upon us all!

Shoulders of the Ephod

Part of the dress of the high priest (of the Aaronic order) was the ephod. It was made of "gold, of blue, and of purple, of scarlet, and fine twined linen, with cunning work" (Exodus 28:6). It is significant that this garment was very similar to the veil of the tabernacle, which was made of "blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen of cunning work" (Exodus 26:31). 

The ephod had two shoulder pieces to carry two onyx stones, which had engraved upon them the names of the tribes of Israel (see Exodus 28:9-10). One of the high priest's duties is described as follows:

"And thou shalt put the two stones upon the shoulders of the ephod for stones of memorial unto the children of Israel: and Aaron shall bear their names before the Lord upon his two shoulders for a memorial" (Exodus 28:12).

In a symbolic sense, the high priest became a mediator carrying the burdens of the house of Israel upon his shoulders.

The Isaiah prophecy says the "government shall be upon his (Christ's) shoulder" (Isaiah 9:6). In Gethsemane and Golgotha, Jesus carried the burden of sin, pain, and suffering upon His shoulders, becoming our Mediator with the Father.


Sunday, October 5, 2014

Isaiah 8--Sanctuary or Rock of Offence?

I usually approach General Conference prayerfully with questions. I have issues in my life right now requiring personal revelation. I'm certainly not alone in this predicament. And I recognize in this conference my dependence on the Lord is a good thing, not a bad thing. Some questions have been answered, but new questions have been raised.

And yet, I find it interesting that despite the billions in the world, and the millions in the Church, the first four talks in this morning's General Conference centered around personal revelation--exactly what I've been praying for.

President Eyring began the series of questions of what to pray for. Is my family in danger? And, if so, do I flee to safety or stay where I'm at? And a prophet is praying for the words to enlighten, inspire, and succor his audience. Then we realize in the next talk, as Elder Nelson addresses us, that there are certainly fifteen such men praying for the same guidance. But wait a minute. Haven't the Brethren been preparing these talks for months, or even years, and the words are now established in typeset? 

So what are those words the prophets are praying about? Could it be the same thing Nephi prayed about so long ago? In a sense of minor frustration, Nephi laments, "And now I, Nephi, cannot write all the things which were taught among my people; neither am I mighty in writing, like unto speaking; for when a man speaketh by the power of the Holy Ghost the power of the Holy Ghost carrieth it unto the hearts of the children of men" (2 Nephi 33:1).

I always thought Nephi's writings were pretty good. If the talks are any better, I can't wait to hear one! Are the living apostles and prophets praying for something similar? Maybe their prayer would be that the Holy Ghost will carry the right words and the right feelings into your heart and mine. Maybe they are praying that those tailor-made messages will be heard and felt by us.

But sometimes it's so hard. Lack of patience is one of my character defects and I want to see everything clearly right now. But I hear in the messages of this conference that such personal revelation comes "line upon line, precept upon precept, here a little and there a little" (2 Nephi 28:30).

The first message I heard is that I must "be up and doing" (Alma 60:24) rather than just sit back and wait for the Lord to lay out a clear-cut, detailed plan void of any errors or omissions. That prompting came yesterday.

Then today another question was raised. Do I trust the Lord enough to follow personal revelation I don't like? If the answer seems hard, will I be obedient anyway?

Isaiah said, "And he (the Lord) shall be for a sanctuary; but for a stone of stumbling and for a rock of offence to both the houses of Israel, for a gin and for a snare to the inhabitants of Jerusalem" (Isaiah 8:14). 

It's a hard question. Will I get offended at the word of the Lord? Will I stumble at the difficulty or fear of the answer? Or will I turn to the safety of the Lord and His tender mercies, who knows my real needs far better than I?

I now resume writing. Conference is now over. I had hoped to finish this post two hours ago and watch the final session in peace and comfort. But I'm glad I didn't, because I wanted to share about the "waters of Shiloah," also contained within this chapter. Isaiah stated:

"Forasmuch as this people refuseth the waters of Shiloah that go softly, and rejoice in . . ." (Isaiah 8:6). Wow, it's not even a complete sentence, just like this post wasn't completed, and just like all my questions are not completely answered. But the ending doesn't matter, because if you read the first four verses of this chapter, you will see Isaiah and Mrs. Isaiah are going to have a son, and before this kid is old enough to talk, this prophecy will be fulfilled. And the ending still doesn't matter, because after the prophecy is fulfilled, people will find something else to distract them from the apostolic messages. 

Shiloah is the Hebrew form of Siloam in the New Testament, which is interpreted in John to mean sent. And the Greek word for Sent (and in this context it means Christ) is apostello, where we get the English word apostle (see John 9:7; Strong's #G649). King Hezekiah had a tunnel built to divert the Gihon Spring to run inside the city walls into the Pool of Siloam. So these "waters that go softly" represent apostolic keys and messengers that soothe and heal.

But instead of having the waters that go softly, the people looked to other sources, "Therefore, behold, the Lord bringeth up upon them the waters of the river, strong and many" (Isaiah 8:7). 

In the afternoon session of conference, Elder Ballard talked about an expedition through 14 miles of whitewater rapids, and Elder Larry S Kacher spoke of getting caught in a riptide of dangerous currents. 

The messages of the prophets and apostles deliver us to safe waters. I'm so grateful for the opportunity to watch conference. It was absolutely wonderful. The Spirit was so strong. I feel like I'm on a spiritual high that could possibly last for six months! And as the days, weeks, and months go by, increased personal revelation will come.